What Is A Induction Motor?

Induction motor is also called “asynchronous motor “, that is, the rotor is placed in a rotating magnetic field, under the action of the rotating magnetic field, a rotating torque is obtained, so the rotor rotates.
The rotor is a rotatable conductor, usually in the shape of a squirrel cage. The stator is the non-rotating part of the motor, and its main task is to generate a rotating magnetic field. The rotating magnetic field is not realized by mechanical methods. Instead, alternating current is passed through several pairs of electromagnets to cyclically change the magnetic pole properties, so it is equivalent to a rotating magnetic field. This kind of motor does not have brushes or slip rings like DC motors. There are single-phase motors and three-phase motors depending on the type of AC used. Single-phase motors are used in washing machines, electric fans, etc.; three-phase motors are used as power for factories equipment.

Working principle

Through the relative movement of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator (its speed is the synchronous speed n1) and the rotor winding, the rotor winding cuts the magnetic induction line to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby causing an induced current in the rotor winding. The induced current in the rotor winding interacts with the magnetic field to generate electromagnetic torque, which makes the rotor rotate. As the rotor speed gradually approaches the synchronous speed, the induced current gradually decreases, and the generated electromagnetic torque is also reduced accordingly. When the asynchronous motor is working in the motor state, the rotor speed is less than the synchronous speed. In order to describe the difference between the rotor speed n and the synchronous speed n1, slip is introduced.

Basic category

Single-phase asynchronous motor

A single-phase asynchronous motor is a motor that only needs a single-phase AC power supply]. The single-phase asynchronous motor is composed of a stator, a rotor, a bearing, a casing, and an end cover. The stator consists of a base and an iron core with windings. The iron core is made of silicon steel sheets punched and laminated, and two sets of main windings (also called running windings) and auxiliary windings (also called starting windings into secondary windings) with a space of 90° electrical angles apart are embedded in the slots. The main winding is connected to the AC power source, and the auxiliary winding is connected to the centrifugal switch S or the starting capacitor and the running capacitor in series, and then the power source is connected. The rotor is a cage-type cast aluminum rotor. The core is laminated with aluminum and cast into the slot of the core, and the end rings are cast together to short-circuit the rotor bar into a squirrel cage.
Single-phase asynchronous motors are divided into single-phase resistance-start asynchronous motors, single-phase capacitor-start asynchronous motors, single-phase capacitor-running asynchronous motors, and single-phase dual-value capacitor asynchronous motors.

Three-phase asynchronous motor

A three-phase asynchronous motor is mainly composed of a stator, a rotor, and a bearing [3]. The stator is mainly composed of an iron core, a three-phase winding, a base and an end cover. The stator core is generally punched and laminated from silicon steel sheets with an insulating layer on the surface with a thickness of 0.35 to 0.5 mm, and evenly distributed slots are punched in the inner circle of the core to embed the stator windings. The three-phase winding is connected by three windings of the same structure, which are spaced apart by 120° in electrical angle and arranged in a team. The coils of these windings are respectively embedded in the slots of the stator according to a certain rule. Its function is to pass in three-phase alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field.
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